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The DPD-DR phenomenon or estrangement due to the direct physiopathological effects of a substance differs from conventional depersonalization disorder in that such substance (for instance, drugs, medicines, or even addictive behavior) is considered as etiologically related to estrangement. Derealization refers to unreality or estrangement experiences towards the environment. Depersonalization disorder is usually described as a set of unreality and self-estrangement experiences, or as feeling as an external observer towards internal sensations and feelings or towards the own body and actions. Patients feel as external observers of their mental processes, their own body, or a part of it, as if they were oblivious, dead, or empty, as if automated or living in a dream or a movie. However, American Psychiatric Association’s 2014 DSM-5 classification is more explicit, reflecting that self-strangeness or selfestrangement is the essential characteristic of this disorder. According to WHO’s CIE-10 classification, the process falls within the family of neurosis as a secondary phenomenon to stressful situations and it groups the depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPD-DR) within a single category. They are equally distributed in women and men, and they tend to be less frequent with age. Prevalence Depersonalization Derealization Addiction Evaluation Dishabituation Rehabilitation Former addiction Introductionĭissociative experiences are relatively common in the general population. We think healthcare professionals should be well aware of this phenomenon. Who knows how many drug-free or former addicts have been victims of a mistake by their therapist? DPD-DR can be overcome through an adequate intervention in 3-6 months from onset. It should be noted that DPD-DR prevalence in the general population is 1.5%.Ĭonclusions: Depersonalization-derealization disorder is a surprise both for former addicts and their relatives, as well as for the clinical staff, who is usually unaware of this phenomenon and can mistake it for nostalgia towards the consumption environment. If we consider mild depersonalization disorder, the number rises up to 43.55% (DES scale) and 19.38% (CDS-11 scale). Results: Nearly 25% of drug-free addicts (former addicts) suffer or have suffered from severe depersonalization disorder (DES scale). CDS (Cambridge Depersonalization Scale) scale, version CDS-11, and DES (Dissociative Experiences Scale by Bernstein & Putnam) scale were applied.
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Method: 68 former addicts were compared with 59 individuals from the control group.
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Objective: To find out the prevalence of depersonalization-derealization disorder in former addicts. Nearly all studies on the depersonalization-addiction binomial refer to current drug addicts, but there are no studies on former addicts. It is not an altered conscious state but a different conscience of the world which makes the individual become a virtual spectator of a life that sometimes looks real to them, and sometimes looks illusory. Many former addicts who have not been taking drugs for a while suffer from the so-called depersonalizationderealization disorder (DPD-DR) –a peculiar sensation of unreality and strangeness towards the environment, something like “living in a permanent dream”. Visit for more related articles at Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Received date: MaAccepted date: Published date: May 11, 2015Ĭitation: Sirvent C, Fernández L (2015) Depersonalization Disorder in Former Addicts (Prevalence of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder in Former Addicts).
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Psychiatrist, Fundación Instituto Spiral Madrid, Spain Depersonalization Disorder in Former Addicts (Prevalence of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder in Former Addicts) Carlos Sirvent 1 * and Laura Fernández 2ġ Fundación Instituto Spiral Madrid, SpainĢ Department of Differential Psychology, University of Oviedo, Spain Corresponding Author: Carlos Sirvent